Asset based lending can turn your accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, or real estate into working capital without diluting ownership. It offers a flexible financing path that ties available credit to the current value of pledged assets.
Many banks size credit with a borrowing base, so capacity moves with your sales and inventory. That makes this credit useful for seasonal or working capital–intensive companies that need liquidity to fund growth or manage shortfalls.
Expect lighter covenant packages compared with cash-flow loans, but plan for ongoing reporting and collateral monitoring. Lenders may pair a revolving line with a term loan for long-lived items, and special tranches can boost availability when needed.
Across distribution, retail, manufacturing, and food sectors, this approach can match capital structure to your company’s assets and near-term needs. The rest of the guide breaks down mechanics, eligibility, pricing, and strategic uses so you can decide if this solution fits your goals.
Key Takeaways
- Convert receivables, inventory, and equipment into accessible capital without selling equity.
- Credit limits track collateral value, so capacity can rise and fall with operations.
- Often fewer cash-flow covenants, but more ongoing reporting and asset checks.
- Useful for seasonal or working capital–heavy businesses seeking growth or stability.
- Banks may use revolving lines, term loans, or special tranches to meet needs.
What is Asset Based Lending: What You Must Know
Asset-based lending is secured financing where your company pledges a pool of collateral—primarily accounts receivable and inventory, plus equipment and real estate—to obtain credit sized to collateral value.
Definition, scope, and how this differs from cash-flow lending
Rather than relying on debt-to-EBITDA or projected operating cash, this approach emphasizes the liquidity and aging of receivables and stock. Lenders set eligibility thresholds (for example, invoices under 90 days or no more than 60 days past due) and use advance rates tied to convertibility.
The practical outcome is a revolving line that flexes with your sales cycle. A term piece can be added for longer-lived equipment or property when needed.
Who uses it today
Companies with tangible holdings and high working capital needs tend to favor this credit. Common sectors include retail, distribution, apparel, food and beverage, automotive, metals, energy, and industrial manufacturing.
- Credit capacity grows as eligible assets improve.
- Less emphasis on tight margin covenants; more on reporting and collateral controls.
- Useful when projected cash flow is uncertain but receivables and inventory are strong.
| Collateral Type | Typical Eligibility | Common Use |
| Accounts receivable | Current invoices under 90 days; | Revolving working capital |
| Inventory | Sellable, non-perishable stock with turnover | Seasonal capacity |
| Equipment & real estate | Appraised value; longer terms | Term loans or FILO tranches |
How Asset-Based Lending Works in Practice
Your usable line often tracks a formal borrowing base that lenders recalculate weekly or monthly to match invoices and stock. This base shows exactly how available financing is built and reported.
Typical advance rates run about 80–85% on eligible accounts receivable and roughly 50% on inventory. Receivables usually must be under 90 days or no more than 60 days past due for inclusion.
Cash dominion protects lender exposure. Incoming cash may be swept daily to a lender-controlled account, lowering the outstanding balance and immediately freeing availability on your line.
- Field exams occur once or twice a year; third-party appraisals support inventory, equipment, and real estate values.
- Borrowing base certificates and aging schedules are routine; automation speeds uploads and reduces errors.
- “Springing” controls trigger sweeps only after a liquidity threshold breach, keeping day-to-day limits lighter when you maintain cushion.
Transparent terms and consistent collateral data help your business forecast capacity and negotiate smoother processes with the bank.
Eligible Collateral, Advance Rates, and Borrowing Base Drivers
Eligibility rules and advance rates drive how much working capital your assets unlock. The borrowing base reflects convertible collateral and recovery assumptions. Clear documentation and steady collections keep availability predictable.
Accounts receivable and inventory rules
Accounts receivable usually qualify when invoices are current — commonly under 90 days or ≤60 days past due. Lenders limit customer concentration and exclude slow or disputed bills.
Inventory must be marketable and non-obsolete. Advance rates are lower than receivables due to resale costs and seasonality.
Equipment and real estate treatment
Longer-lived equipment and real estate often support separate term loans. A FILO tranche can extend availability by tapping deeper collateral layers when needed.
Typical exclusions and diligence
Specialized, customer-labeled, or perishable stock and hard-to-collect receivables are commonly excluded. Field exams and third‑party appraisals set advance rates and reserves.
"Present tight AR aging, accurate inventory counts, and solid fixed-asset records to maximize eligible value."
| Collateral | Typical Advance | Notes |
| Accounts receivable | 80–85% | Clean aging, low concentration |
| Inventory | ~50% | Marketability, seasonality, obsolescence |
| Equipment / real estate | Appraisal-based | Often via term loans or FILO |
When ABL Fits Your Business Strategy
Consider collateral-backed credit when working capital swings threaten operations or growth plans. It supports growth, M&A, refinancing, turnarounds, and capital expenditures by tying availability to convertible collateral.
Use cases and sector scenarios
Distribution companies often draw on a line to buy seasonal inventory before holidays. Retailers use similar capital to hedge volatile sales while investing in e-commerce.
Manufacturers facing cyclical demand or commodity swings tap financing to stabilize cash flow and keep production running. Apparel and food-and-beverage businesses also benefit from capacity that rises with eligible inventory.
Trade-offs and structure
These facilities usually offer covenant-light flexibility compared with cash-flow loans. Still, expect monthly reporting, field exams, and possible cash dominion plus related fees.
Structure your solution with a revolver for day-to-day needs and a term component for equipment purchases. Improve collections and inventory turns to expand eligible collateral and lower interest cost.
Practical steps
Coordinate timing with your banking partner to ensure availability during peak builds. Build internal cadence across treasury, AR, AP, and operations to meet reporting requirements and capture opportunities efficiently.
ABL vs. Cash-Flow Loans and Traditional Bank Financing
Collateral-focused revolvers let available capital expand and contract with operating cycles rather than fixed amortization. That contrast drives many financing decisions for companies with seasonal sales or volatile margins.
Structure and availability: An ABL revolver ties availability to eligible assets and often pairs with term loans for equipment or real estate. Cash-flow loans underwrite expected profitability and use fixed amortization schedules.
Covenants and reporting: Cash-flow facilities emphasize leverage and coverage covenants. Collateral lending relies more on liquidity tests, borrowing base mechanics, and frequent reporting.
Pricing and cost: Interest on collateralized lending can be competitive since recovery value lowers lender risk. Expect fees for field exams, appraisals, and cash dominion if the bank requires them.
| Feature | Collateral Revolver | Cash-Flow Loan |
| Availability | Scales with assets | Fixed capacity based on earnings |
| Covenants | Liquidity tests, reporting | Leverage and coverage |
| Best for | Working capital, seasonal businesses | Stable profitability, growth capex |
Consider approval timing, diligence intensity, and how each structure affects access to incremental capital as your business scales. Match the choice to your cash cycle and operational flexibility.
Conclusion
strong, For companies with tangible holdings and seasonal swings, asset-based lending can align borrowing to the liquidity and value of your assets. A clear borrowing base lets a revolver expand as receivables and inventory rise.
Discipline in accounts receivable and tight inventory controls grow usable capital. Expect trade-offs: fewer restrictive covenants but routine reporting, field exams, and appraisals. Exclude perishables and hard-to-collect accounts when you model availability.
Layer a revolver with a term piece or a FILO tranche to match equipment or real estate needs. Automate borrowing base certificates and set a steady reporting cadence to improve access and lower interest cost.
Engage a lender that understands your business and move from term sheet to closing to capture near-term growth opportunities.
